Adapted from this Berkeley Lab press release
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are growing in adoption, used in devices like smartphones and laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. But supplies of nickel and cobalt commonly used in the cathodes of these batteries are limited. New research led by Foundry users opens up a potential low-cost, safe alternative in manganese, the fifth most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust.
Researchers showed that manganese can be effectively used in emerging cathode materials called disordered rock salts, or DRX. Previous research suggested that to perform well, DRX materials had to be ground down to nanosized particles in an energy-intensive process. But the new study found that manganese-based cathodes can actually excel with particles that are about 1000 times larger than expected. The work was published Sept. 19 in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
The researchers used a novel two-day process that first removes lithium ions from the cathode material and then heats it at low temperatures (about 200 degrees Celsius). This contrasts with the existing process for manganese-based DRX materials, which takes more than three weeks of treatment.
Researchers used state-of-the-art electron microscopes at the Foundry to capture atomic-scale pictures of the manganese-based material in action. They found that after applying their process, the material formed a nanoscale semi-ordered structure that actually enhanced the battery performance, allowing it to densely store and deliver energy.
Interested in Becoming a Foundry User?
Join our collaborative, multidisciplinary environment.
Learn more >
The team also used different techniques with X-rays to study how battery cycling causes chemical changes to manganese and oxygen at the macroscopic level. By studying how the manganese material behaves at different scales, the team opens up different methods for making manganese-based cathodes and insights into nano-engineering future battery materials.
Read the full press release.
